Somnath - Abode of Lord Shiva

One of the 12 Jyotirlings – places where Shiva is believed to reside, Somnath is a place of great significance for Historian and the pilgrims as well. Situated close to Prabhas Patan in Gujarat, Somnanth is known for its temples. Historically, Somnath was demolished a number of times by Mahmud of Ghazni. However, the present day temple was last reconstructed in the year 1950. At the time of country’s independence only relics of the deserted temple stood at the site. Sardar Ballabh Bhai Patel visited Prabhas Patan and pledged to reconstruct the temple. On advice of Mahatama Gandhi, Sardar Patel set up a trust for collecting donations to construct the temple. Today, a statue and a plaque outside the temple entrance commemorate Sardar Patel’s role in its reconstruction.

Dedicated to Lord Shiva, Somnath temple is believed to one of the 12 places in the country where Shiva reside. Devotees also believe that this Jyotirling is the first to emerge out amongst the entire dozen lingas. Legend has its that Soma, the Moon God, married the 27 daughters of King Daksha. Of all the sisters, Rohini was pretties and dearest to Soma. So, the other 26 sisters complained about this to their father, the king cursed Soma – the moon – to wane steadily. As the moon dimmed and nights became darker, panic spread. All the gods rushed to Shiva for help, who perform Soma to perform penance. Soma built a lingam on the seashore in Prabhas and worshipped Shiva for six months. At last, Shiva granted Soma a boom that he would wax and wane cyclically every month. Later the place came to be known as Somnath, as the word means Soma’s lord – Shiva.

Other Temples in Somnath
Of all the temples at Prabhas Patan, Somnath is the most popular and magnificent temple. Somnath temple is also the youngest temple, dates back to up to 800 years old. Just 100 yards from Somnath temple is a small temple built by Ahilya Bai Holkar, queen of Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh. Further down the road lies Triveni Ghat – a confluence of the sea and three rivers namely Hiran, Saraswati and Kapila. Parallel to Hiran there is a row of temples, the most important among them is a small cupola called Dehotsarg. Dauji ki Gufa (Balram’s Cave) is another temple close to it. Prabhas Patan also has a sun temple, which looks older than any other surviving structures there.

Factfile
Somnath is situated at a distance of about 400 km from Ahmedabad, which can be covered by road or rail. State transport buses and private luxury coaches connect Somnath to important places of Gujarat. As there is no direct bus service to Somnath, so you have to reach Porbandar first. From Porbandar bus services are available to Veraval. You have to take auto-rickshaws to cover the seven km stretch between Somnath and Veraval.

Vaishno Devi – Proceed on the Sublime Journey

If faith can move up above the lofty mountains, then go with faith and scale those tough mountains, that is asked of you. The ‘divine call’ of Goddess Vaishno Devi draws scores of devotees to ascend steep pathways and serpentine queues through snow-covered mountains and lush green forests around, to the sacred and mystical shrine. A common belief is found that when Mata Vaishno Devi sends a ‘Call’ to her devotees, then pilgrims finds themselves compelled to move towards the holy shrine of Vaishno Devi, chanting ‘Jai Mata Di’.

Hindus belief that anyone who walks the Himalayan trail to shrine of Vaishno Devi, to seek a boon does not return disappointed. Shrine of Mata Vaishno resides in a holy cave in the shape of three natural rock formations called Pindies. Nestling on top of the Trikuta hill at a height of 1,700 mt is the sacred cave shrine of Mata Vaishno Devi. Situated at a distance of 61 km from Jammu, the cave is 30 mts long and just 1.5 mt high. Interestingly there are no statues or idols inside the holy cave, while at the end of the cave are shrines dedicated to the three forms of the mother Goddess namely Mahakali, Mahalakshmi and Mahasarasvati.
Pilgrims can enter inside the shrine in small groups through a narrow opening.

The aarti is performed twice a day at the shrine. The pujaris (priests) perform aarti before the holy deity, first inside the sanctum sanctorum and then outside the cave. The jyoti (divine lamp) is lighted and the puja thaali used in aarti is brought outside the holy cave. After the bhajan, the chief priest comes out from inside the sanctum and distributes prasad and charanamrit to the devotees. Rejuvenated with the aarti, the devotees rush to the cave for a darshan of the pindies. It is believed a privilege to have a darshan (glimpse) during the auspicious days of Navratra.

Essential Amenities Available for Pilgrims on Way to Shrine
For making the yatra a comfortable and satisfying experience the Shrine Board and the state government have made essential arrangements for pilgrim on way to shrine. On the entire stretch from Banganga to Bhawan, over 70 shelter sheds have been constructed, the path is inlaid with tiles and illuminated with vapour lamps. At regular distances over 100 toilet blocks with over 600 seats, including Western type seats have been constructed.


Around 125 water points and 50 water coolers have been installed on the trek to provide clean drinking water to the pilgrims. Along the route at vantage viewpoints around 20 restaurants have been constructed. Well-equipped medical centres and shops selling toiletries, provision items, camera rolls, medicines, shoes, caps, raincoats, walking sticks and eatables can be found along the trek route. Banks, police stations and post offices can be found at important locations.

Reaching the Vaishno Devi Shrine
Katra the base camp is about 50 km from Jammu and 650 km from Delhi. From Katra, Vaishno Devi shrine is 13 km up. Buses and taxis are available to Katra from Jammu at regular intervals. A walk along the pleasant and relatively easy mountain path takes you from Katra (2,500 ft) to Saanjhi Chhat (6,200 ft), from where you descend to 5,200 ft where Bhavan, the shrine complex is situated.

Air Deccan helicopter service connects Katra with Saanjhi Chhat, the highest point in the mountain trek. From Saanjhi Chhat the routes get divided to Bhawan and Bhairon Mandir. One should keep in mind that from the helipad, Bhawan is about 2 kms away, and it is difficult to find any other means to cover that distance.

Another option is the battery operated van from Adhkuwari, which runs from the midpoint of the Yatra, after one has covered the initial distance of 6 km by traditional means. The other option is the traditional palki (palanquin) carried by four persons.

Incredible India International Campaign

Started in 2006-07 the Incredible India International Campaign has shown positive results and attracts more and more number of foreign tourists each month. When talked about India a myriad of vibrant image captivates the mind. Of course, an image speaks volumes but seeing is believing is truth, hence, a desire obviously born in everyone’s mind to see for what one has just seen in an image. India’s incredible depth and dimension, captured on the lens, stays in the mind and stirs the heart and soul, until the time comes to visit this wondrous land. Incredible India International Campaign calling out to travellers of the world to come and experience the incredible land. Here I am providing the brief overview of the charming land of India and highlights of the incredible India international campaign.

Incredible Festivals – Festivals are integral part of day to day life of India people. In fact, almost everyday in India is a festival in itself, hardly one festival overs the other knocks on the door. On the whole, the Indian calendar is all about festivals and celebration is a way of life in India. Come India during the popilar festivals of Holi, Diwali, Dusshera and join the fun.

Incredible Backwaters – God’s own country India is criss-crossed by the picturesque backwaters which serve as a poet’s inspiration, an artist’s muse and a refuge for the frayed nerves. The gorgeous backwaters of Kerala promise a serene beauty, all in its own league. Board a houseboat and enjoy a peaceful vacation alongwith your family. Silence of backwaters is so intense that you can hear your own heart palpitating and gasping at the beauty around you.

Incredible Himalayas – The Great Indian Himalayas stands majestically and runs in the northern part of the country from west to east. For a million years, the Himalayas have quietly challenged the adventurous whilst calming the spiritual amongst mankind. With snow-capped mighty peaks, dotted with pine trees the Himalayas provide the perfect balm to the frayed mind. The Himalayas is also home to a number of beautiful hill stations which provide a welcome break from the crowded cities. Are you looking for peace or wish to conquer the mighty peaks then Indian Himalayas is calling you.

Incredible Adventure – Indian topography comprises of plains, rivers, lakes, forests, mountains etc which make the ideal base for a variety of adventure sports. From aero-sports to water sports, you can enjoy almost all kind of adventure sports in India. Set the pulse racing, be it the ‘crossfire’ or the ‘roller coaster’ white water rapid, the adrenaline rush that these thrilling currents promise are to be found nowhere else in the world. So, don’t wait, come and surrender yourself to the great Indian adventure.

Incredible Temples – India is a land of varied religions and people follow different religions. Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism are the main religions followed. Majority of the people in India follow Hinduism and temples are the worshipping places of them. At all places of worship you will find thousands of people all gathered to celebrate their devotion. Visit the temples of India and get your mind, body and should soothed.

Incredible Monument – Alexander Pope once said, "What oft was thought of, but never expressed so well", but Mughal Emperor Shahjahan expressed this universal emotion so nicely that words fall short. Yes, Taj Mahal one of the seven wonders of the world is India’s pride. The colossal structure is considered synonymous to love and reminds us the eternal love story of Shahjahan and his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. The white marble monument epitomises how ‘incredible’ India truly is, the beauty, overwhelming and surreal. Like Taj Mahal there are hundreds of other interesting monuments in India known for their historic significance, architecture or other specific characters.

Incredible Art – India is home to skilled artisans who have made their name in international level with their unique creations. You can experience the uniqueness of Indian art at every nook and corner, at every anticipated step, be it the hands of a bride to be painted with henna, the back of a rickshaw or the street walls. Invigorating colours, patterns and tangible textures speak aloud. Artisans of the country paint their imagination on all all the available elements around including leaves, stones, tree-barks etc. Come to land of the artisans and watch the dream of the life unfold.

Incredible Spirituality - Spirituality has centuries old connection with India and all over the country there are thousands of worship places where you can get the spiritual feel. With over a million gods and goddesses and home to almost all the faiths of the world, India offers the perfect path to salvation. Sitting on the peaceful banks of a river or high up in the mountains, deep in meditation, chanting the mantras and reaching Goa, all melts into one desire to be with God. For experiencing the ultimate salvation visit India and take refuge for a soul uplifting experience.

Incredible Networking – Unquestionably India is one of the best MICE destinations in the world, facilitating a hassle free networking environment and a host of inviting recreations. For us business is business and there are no ifs, ands or buts. Zero-in on India and reach out to the world.

Incredible India Campaign completes two years

With the consistent efforts of the Ministry of Tourism, India has became a favoured destination on the world tourism scenario. For last few years Indian government has launched a number of campaigns to promote as a perfect destination for global tourists. Incredible India campaign was introduced by the Ministry of Tourism in the year 2006 and in a short span of two years, it provided global recognition to India. Today, tourism in India has become synonymous with ‘Incredible India’, and it is moving on the right direction.

Ironically the tourism in India had been promoted with various themes like Rural Tourism, Medical Tourism, Heritage Tourism, Buddhist Circuit etc. to cater the attention of tourists looking for specific trip or vacation. For promoting India domestically, three regional campaigns namely Southern, Central and Eastern India were unveiled by the Indian Government Tourism Department. Besides, tagged as ‘Paradise Unexplored’, the seven sister states of North East were promoted like never before. Below I am providing a brief overview of the ‘Incredible India’ campaign launched by the Ministry of Tourism two years ago.

Domestic Campaigns : With the aim to promote domestic India, Ministry of Tourism launched three regional campaigns namely Southern, Central and Eastern India. As per sourced about Rs 3 crore had been spent for each of the three campaigns. The Southern region campaign was focussed on beauty and diversity of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, Pondicherry and Tamil Nadu. Beaches of Kerala, Pondicherry and Andhra Pradesh, alongwith the wildlife of Dandeli in Karnataka and Madhumalai in Tamil Nadu was focussed in the South India campaign. The Central India campaign was focussed on wildlife, eco-sites and heritage of states like Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan etc. While the Eastern India campaign comprised the rich and varied flora and fauna of Sunderbans, the temples and monuments of Orissa and the mystic tribal culture of Jharkhand.

Medical Tourism : Since time immemorial, India has provided immediate solution to the almost all ailments. Whatever may be the ailment, most probably the cure is not too far in India. The life-giving land has kept it promise alive and still the people around the world have full faith over India’s medicinal treatments. In order to propagate and market the unique potential the country possesses in the field of medical and healthcare, Ministry of Tourism in close association with private organizations launched Medical Tourism campaign. For the campaign brochures and CDs with the details of specialised medical services and institutions were launched. The government of India also introduced a new concept of ‘Medical Visa’ for foreign tourists coming to India for medical treatment.

Heritage Tourism : India’s cultural and natural heritage is impressive and unparalleled. It is also a great source of inspiration for Indians and the foreigners alike. With the aim to promote heritage tourism in India, Ministry of Tourism launched an integrated plan for the development of areas around the cultural and heritage monuments. Some of the famous monuments considered for development includes Delhi’s Red Fort, Qutub Minar and Humayun’s Tomb, Hampi in Karnataka and Somnath Temple in Gujarat.

Rural Tourism : According to census, around 70 per cent of India’s population live in villages. Hence, the real beauty of India lies in the villages and remote areas and their exquisite art and craft continue to stand testimony to the rich heritage of this age-old civilization. Ministry of Tourism alongwith United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) launched 71 rural tourism projects. Rural Tourism campaign seeks to promote local culture and craft based tourism for sustainable livelihood and integral rural development. Besides, a capacity building programme has also been started in 36 selected sites for providing the benefit of tourism reaches the local people at large.

Buddhist Circuit : India is one of the world’s most important destinations for Buddhists and its amazing sites of Buddhism make it is must-visit destination for Buddhists. In India the Buddhists can have glimpses of heritage, history and legends related to the life of Lord Buddha. Some of the important Buddhist sites in India are Bodhgaya, Nalanda, Buddhist caves in Ajanta and Ellora and monasteries in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir.

Jammu and Kashmir Campaign : For promoting J & K, Ministry of Tourism used the punchline, "If there is a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this!" Main focus of the J & K campaign were the state’s picturesque landscape dotted with lakes, valley and the lush greenery around.

North East Campaign : North East region of India is a true frontier region of the country. The region consists of seven states also called seven sister states. Under is ‘Paradise Unexplored’ campaign, Ministry of Tourism unleashed catchy print and visual media campaigns to promote the unexplored tourism wealth of the region. The unexplored treasures of the North East region promoted were tea, wildlife tourism in Kaziranga and Manas National Parks in Assam and adventure tourism in Arunachal Pradesh.

MICE, Adventure, Cruise, Medical : The Ministry of Tourism with the aim to popularise India as a 365-day destination promoted multiple tourism options. Three CDs on these options were released by the ministry that included MICE, adventure and cruise. According to campaign, India is a fast emerging MICE destination as a number of world-level convention centres are coming up in different states. While promoting the adventure and cruise tourism in India, the ministry also issued a set of guidelines for adventure sports operators for maintaining basic standard.

On a Spiritual Journey in India

Spirituality has a very old link with India and one can experience the divine peace by visiting the pilgrimage destinations of the country. As India has been the land of the Hindus and they comprises majority of the population, hence most of the pilgrimage centres are linked to them. Some of the famous religious centres of India include Amarnath, Rishikesh, Haridwar, Chardham, Allahabad, Varanasi and Tirupati.

Amarnath (Jammu & Kashmir) : Located in Kashmir valley, Amarnath is considered to be one of the important dhams (pilgrims) of Hindus. Amarnath cave temple houses an ice Shivlinga that changes size with changing seasons and also as the moon shines and fades it becomes bigger and smaller. On the full moon day the linga attains 6ft height and each year on the full moon day of Sravana month, a festival is held at this cave temple. Amarnath Yatra, one of the most important holy pilgrimages takes place during the festival.

Rishikesh (Uttarakhand) : Rishikesh is one of the best located pilgrimage centre along the bank of holy river Ganga close to Haridwar. An incredible experience of natural beauty and undiscovered wildlife await here in Rishikesh. At Rishikesh, the peace and tranquility of a landscape associated with munis (priests) and meditation are an added bonus. Today, Rishikesh has become a major centre for learning and research in yoga and meditation, the noted Indian methods for mental and physical health. Each year in February, the one week long International Yoga Festival is held here for one week. The rope-bridge ‘Lakshman Jhoola’ is the landmark of the town, other attractions of Rishikesh are the school of Yoga and Meditation and white water rafting camp at Shivpuri.

Haridwar (Uttarakhand): Haridwar literally meaning ‘the gateway to the Gods’ is situated at the foot of the Himalayas. Situated at the point where the river Ganga descends to the plain, Haridwar is a gateway to the four pilgrimages of Uttarakhand. An ancient city, Haridwar houses a number of temples dedicated to Vishnu and other gods. Every evening in Haridwar is celebrated with the traditional aarti at Har ki Pauri. During Kumbh Mela thousands of pilgrims visit the town for the ritual bath in the river Ganges.

Chardham (Uttarakhand) : Chardham are four places of sacred importance for Hindus in the Himalayas. Chardham includes the holy sites of Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath, all located at altitude more than 3,000 mts. Traditionally the devotes begins the pilgrimage at the temple to west, Yamunotri and finish the circle going eastwards to Badrinath.

Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) : Since ancient times, Allahabad is known as Prayag and is renowned for the Kumbh Mela, held every 12 years. The world famous festival commemorates a mythical event, where are the time of the churning of the Ocean, devas (Gods) disputed with the asuras (demons) over the pot (kumbha) that contained the nectar of immortality (amrita), which emanated from the churning. Allahabad town is also known the convergence of the three rivers Ganga, Yamuna and the mythical Saraswati.

Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) : Varanasi also called Benaras is one of the oldest cities of the world and home to a number of temples including the Kashi Vishwanath temple. The culminating waters of the holy river Ganges, the echo of prayers, the lights of diyas provide a magical sight to the town. Varanasi has many ghats, where pilgrims descend down the stairs for the ritual bath and perform the most sacred oblations and rites in the most picturesque environs.

Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh) : Tirupati is known all over the world for Balaji temple and other impressive temples. Tirumala, nested amidst the seven hill in the Eastern Ghats is home to Lord Venkateshwara Temple which is magnum opus of Dravidian architecture. Other famous shrines in Tirupati town are Govindarajaswamy, Kodanda Ramaswamy, Tiruchanur, Srinivasa Mangapuram and Kapila Theertham. Also visit the lovely Kalisantha Kona natural waterfalls in the valley of Nilgiri hills. After visiting the temples, visit the Chandragiri Fort and discover the relics of palaces and temples.

Basic Minimum Standards for Air Based Activities

Continuing my adventure sports basic minimum standards series, I am providing valuable information regarding the air based activities in India. Among the adventure sports, Aerosports need the highest skill requirements. Aerosport also have the highest risk element and anything that goes wrong hardly gives an opportunity for corrective action. Accordingly adherence to safety guidelines must be followed
meticulously.

Generally the following principles need to be adopted :
(a) The equipment used in each aero-sport must be defined in terms of its specifications, certifying agency and its life (shelf life and usage life), as defined by the manufacturer, who for the purpose must hold a valid authorization for manufacturing the particular aero-sport equipment.

(b) Instructor/operator qualification is very important. It is not enough to have an initial certificate or qualification. Currency and continued evaluation in terms of safety and skill needs to be carried out.

Paragliding
Infrastructure:-
1. Operator must have access to safe and open take off points in case of hill launches. The take off point should be free from obstructions in the take off path and should not have rock or crops which could injure the participant. Cliff take off points must strictly not to be used.

2. The operator must have free and clear access to a designated landing ground free of obstructions such as tall trees, buildings, electric wires etc.

3. First aid must be available at site with Qualified First aid Instructors (having additional knowledge of related accidents), with arrangements with a nearby hospital for quick emergency services.

4. Wind conditions should be strictly monitored and the activity must be done within the weather conditions stipulated by the equipment manufacturer.

Equipment And Accessories
5. Paragliding wings must have APCUL DHV or CEN certification. Such certification should be stitched on the wing and visible for inspection. Harness should be with back protection and harness must be fitted with round type certified rescue parachute.

6. Helmets and Ankle shoes must be compulsory.

7. Proper log books must be maintained for all equipment.

8. Annual inspection and certification of equipment for air worthiness must
be carried out.

Operator Qualification
9. In case of solo flights the pilot should have undergone two full days ground training consisting theoretical and practical training and instructor should satisfy himself of the first launch both in hill and winch launched paragliding. For first 15 launches height should be restricted to Max 500 feet and student should be radio guided. After demonstrated capability for 180 degree stable turns, five spot (20 Mtrs) landings and after the theory paper is cleared, the student may be allowed to carry out free fly. The student pilot must have a valid registration with a club recognised by the Aero Club of India.

10. Tandem pilots must have a tandem pilots licence issued by the competent authority, which will be issued after the following:
(i) 150 logged flights.
(ii) 35 h + logged.
(iii) Pass theory paper

11. All instructors must be current pilots having sufficient knowledge and experience in the sport.

Parasailing

1. Operator Classifications: All operators shall be certified by the appropriate agency in terms of their capability to conduct the activity on land or water, specifically endorsed to allow multi-passenger flight
operations.

2. In Flight Floatation Devices and helmets: At all times passengers participating in parasailing activities over water, while in flight shall wear a properly fitted approved life jacket. Over land, the passengers must wear an ISI approved helmet.

3. Assumption of Risk And Release of Liability Waiver: Without exception, all operators shall require ALL PARTICIPANTS of legal age or if a minor; a parent or legal guardian to read and sign an assumption of Risk and Release of Liability waiver prior to starting the activity.

4. Passenger Safety Briefing: All parasail participants shall be required to view a Parasail Safety Briefing video and/or be given a written Parasail Safety Briefing handout. In addition, the crew shall give a pre-flight verbal summary of the briefing before any parasail flight activities commence, which should include the following:

a. A description of the activity itself.
b. Safety precautions while underway and in-flight.
c. Safety and life saving equipment locations.
d. Warnings and Procedures for unexpected events, such as water landings, equipment malfunctions, and towline separation.
e. Procedure in the event of an emergency onboard the vessel.
f. The proper use of signals.
g. Question and answer period.
h. Exclusion of any participant that may be afraid or intimidated prior to
participation.

5. Proximity to Obstructions. Wind restrictions: Operator should have a wind measurement device and should not operate in winds exceeding 18 Kph. Operator shall at all times maintain a minimum operating distance from any surf-zone, shoreline, or fixed object, of not less than 500 feet. In addition, at no time shall a parasail vessel’s operator allow a canopy to pass within the following distance from the shore while an onshore wind is present. (Onshore wind shall be defined as any wind direction that could potentially place a parasail vessel, canopy, or participant in contact with land in the event of the loss of vessel or systems power
and/or line separation.).

6. Responsibility of Vessel Sea worthiness and tow vehicle road worthiness: It shall be the responsibility of the first mate in charge to make certain that the vessel is maintained and is properly equipped in a sea worthy condition. A current written log shall be kept of all mandatory daily inspections and all routine maintenance performed on vessel. Under no circumstances shall the operator and/or crew utilize any equipment outside the parameters for which it was designed and must at all times adhere to manufacturers’ specifications, requirements and/or recommendations. Similar conditions should apply for land based parasailing vehicles.

7. Passenger Weight Restrictions: At no time shall a passenger be allowed to participate in parasailing activities unless they meet the manufacturers’ recommendations or requirements in terms of weight. Passenger must be able to be comfortably and safely fitted into harness.

8. Towline Length Limitations: At no time
(a) shall any vessel’s winch drum be equipped with more than 500 feet of towline, while conducting parasail flight operations. Similarly land based operations should not use more than 500 feet of rope.
(b) Exceed a maximum of 300 feet AGL (Above Ground/ Water Level).

9. Minimum Age Requirements: Children may participate in parasailing activities only after the operator has made reasonable prior judgment that wind and sea conditions are conducive to such activities and extreme caution should be exercised. Children under 12 are not to be allowed.

10. Towline Inspection and Maintenance: Towline in its entirety shall be inspected daily for damage and/or wear and if necessary shall be immediately replaced. Towline shall be kept clean and maintained in accordance with manufacturers’ specifications, requirements and/or recommendations.. A written log of such inspections and maintenance shall be kept at all times.

11. Pre-Flight Weather Evaluation: It is the operators responsibility to evaluate and determine if weather conditions are favorable for parasailing. He shall use all means available to make such a determination. No operator shall knowingly parasail in rain, heavy fog or during a known lighting storm within 50 km from the parasailing area, in addition a daily weather log shall be maintained.

12. Multiple Passenger Flights: Multi-passenger flights shall only be conducted under the following conditions and only after the operator has made reasonable judgment prior to each and every flight. Extreme caution shall be exercised:
a) At no time shall there be more than 2 passengers in any canopy.
b) Wind conditions must be adequate, stable and consistent.
c) Conditions must be conducive to such activities.
d) Commercial equipment specifically designed and professionally manufactured for multi-passenger flight operations must be utilised.
e) All equipment must adhere to manufacturers’ specifications, requirements and/or recommendations.
f) Vessel’s winch system must be equipped with a functional levelwinder during all multi-passenger flights.

Bungee Jumping
1. Essential requirements: All parts of the jump line must be duplicated. This extends from the connection of the bungee to the jumper and the connection to the structure at the other end of the line. Normally the jumper should have an attachment to ankle straps, and another to a body or sit harness.

2. Equipment (harnesses, karabiners) should be of sound construction and suitable for this use. Mountaineering equipment from reputable suppliers is appropriate. Karabiners should be of the screw gate type.

3. Braided ropes: At least 2 braided ropes should be used and matched to the weight of the jumper; they should be to BS 3F 70 1991 specification for heavy duty braided rubber cord, or to a demonstrably similar standard.

4. Unbraided ropes: Normally one unbraided rope is adequate because of the in-built redundancy from its structure of approximately one thousand individual strands bound together. Each rope should have an examiners certificate from an independent source and be selected according to the weight of the jumper.

5. Rope log books should be kept, describing maximum load, and numbers of jumps and drop tests undertaken, and in the case of unbraided ropes, any other conditions required by the examiner (eg length of time in sunlight). Ropes have a finite life and operators should be able to demonstrate that this has not been exceeded.

6. There should be a written operating procedure. If not written, elements will be more likely to be forgotten or short circuited. Both operators and enforcement officers should be able to check that safe procedures have been established and are being followed.

7. The procedure should cover at least:
(1) medical enquiry;
(2) age verification - if under 18, parental consent should be required;
(3) if under 14, they should not be allowed to jump;
(4) weighing and rope selection: There should be a method of checking that the weight of the jumper has been correctly measured and recorded so as to ensure that the correct rope is selected for each jumper;
(5) attachment of each part of harness and ropes, and the checking of each action by a second trained person;
(6) briefing of jumper;
(7) entry into and riding in cage;
(8) re-instruction and jump; and
(9) retrieval of jumper.

8. Use of mobile cranes: Use of mobile cranes is not recommended allowed as this is too dangerous.

9. Other important elements: Training of personnel is of paramount importance. Each job undertaken requires a different level of training and experience. Those in charge should be able to demonstrate that everyone who is carrying out a task has enough experience to do so, unless under direct supervision by another experienced person. There should be a proper training schedule showing how a person progresses from one level of competence to the next. The schedule of work should clearly state, who carries out every safety critical action and who checks it. Each person should know the tasks, which they are permitted to carry out and those which they are not authorised to do. To date, all known fatal accidents world wide have resulted from human error.

10. The person in overall charge should keep close control of the site. Arrangements should be made to exclude spectators from the jump zone for their own safety and to avoid distraction of the operators.

11. Anyone in a cage should be securely attached to it. Spectator riding, especially by children, should be discouraged.

12. There should be a dead-weight drop test of the whole line at the beginning of the day to ensure its integrity.

13. Spares for all the components in the jump line should be kept on site so as to be available for immediate replacement of suspect components.

14. An air bag should be used for jumps over land with unbraided ropes. The purpose of the bag is to prevent a jumper striking the ground if an incorrect rope selection is made. It is not to safeguard jumpers who fall due to a failure to properly connect them to the supporting structure. Braided ropes to BS 3F 70 have an outer covering which tightens when stretched. Unbraided ropes do not, so there is more risk of a jumper descending too far if a wrong rope selection is made. If a jump is made over water with an unbraided rope, relying on the water to perform the function of the airbag, steps should be taken to ensure that there are no obstructions under the water surface. ln addition, suitable arrangements should be made for rescue from the water.

Basic Minimum Standards for Water Based Activities

Continuing to my previous article about Basic Minimum Standards for adventure tourism activities in India, here I am providing handy information regarding the water based activities. Basic minimum standards has been for white water rafting, its training, recognition experience and other related factors which are as follows.

River Rafting
1. Any company operating river running trips or commercial white water rafting trips must be registered with Indian Association of Professional Rafting Outfitters/Adventure Tour Operators Association of India and Ministry of Tourism.

2. All trips on white water for tourists will be conducted with at least one qualified guide on each craft. A senior guide or trip leader must be present and supervise the activity at all times.

3. The Guide accompanying the trips should:

(a)be at least 18 years of age

(b) be able to swim

(c) hold a valid first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certificate
or equivalent.

4. Training: Guide trainees should complete a course (or equivalent training) that equips them with the necessary skills and knowledge to safely and competently guide a raft. A guide training course should include the following topics:

(a) skills -rafting techniques, crew training and management, emergency and rescue techniques.

(b) knowledge - equipment, safety and emergency procedures, rapid theory, leadership, signals, environment protection

5. Recognition Experience: Guides should:
(a) have guided a raft under the supervision of and to the satisfaction of a Trip Leader on at least ten white water runs within the past two years in rapids of the same class or higher than the run they intend to guide on.

(b) complete a familiarization run on any new stretch of white water they intend to guide on.

(c) maintain a log book recording each run and signed by the Trip leader as proof of experience.

(d) should have good communication skills in Hindi and English.

6. Special Requirements for Trip Leaders: Trip Leaders should:

(a) have been qualified guides for at least two years.

(b)have a high level of guide skills and knowledge.

(c) have a thorough knowledge of trip planning, white water rescue techniques, emergency procedures and advanced first aid.

(d) have guided a raft as a qualified guide on at least twenty white water runs within the past two years in rapids of the same class or higher than the run they intend to lead on.

(e) complete a familiarization run and know the evacuation routes on any new stretch of white water they intend to lead on.

(f) should have excellent communication skills in Hindi and English.

7. Single Raft Trips: Some of the worst accidents in river running internationally have occurred where there has been only one raft. There should always be at least two crafts on the water i.e, two rafts or kayaks or a raft and a safety kayak. This may be relaxed for float trips (maximum grade II) in the case of rafts.

For kayaks a minimum of two or preferably three is always recommended. Safety Kayaks must be mandatory on technical rapids grade IV and beyond. In case on continuous white water sections, one should look at a minimum of one kayak per raft, if not more.

8. Kit: All trips must carry a well- equipped first Aid kit (it must have triangular bandages, sterile pads, gauze roller bandages, pressure bandages,first aid adhesive tape, splints, scissors as bare minimum), a repair kit (it must contain approx. half meter of repair material, a sufficient amount of flue and accelerator, sand paper or roughing tool and waterproof repair tape/ duck tape). Oar rafts must carry at least one spare oar. All rafts must have a safety line going all around the raft, a bow- line and preferably a stern line as well. All rafts must have a throw bag and a bailing bucket (in case of non self bailer bucket boats). A flip line is recommended for all big drops.

9. Personal River Equipment: All rafters/ kayakers must have a life jacket on all times while on water. This includes the guides also. The life jackets must have adequate buoyancy (minimum of 6.14 kgs, and preferably 9 – 10 kgs.), must be the proper type (U.S. coast Guard Type III or V) with a provision of ensuring a snug fit by straps etc. and the life jacket must be worn correctly.

Inflatable life jackets and the ‘keyhole’ type jackets should not be allowed. Guides must ensure that the life jackets are on in a secure manner before the trip starts and above all major drops. Helmets are mandatory on all rapids and it is recommended that helmets be kept on throughout the trip. The helmet should be properly strapped.

Rafts must be of good condition with no leakage or compartment damage. A baffle / compartment inflation check must be carried out at regular intervals to ensure that each compartment is air tight with no leaks. A minimum of 14 – 16 feet boats are recommended for commercial rafting. Self bailing rafts are recommended.

10. Age Limit: Fourteen years on all stretches except float trips (grade II and below), where it may be relaxed to ten years.

11. Non Swimmers: Non swimmers should not be allowed on any serious rapid (grade III +/IV)/ or hard section.

12. Safety Briefing: Guides/ trip leader must ensure that a thorough safety briefing covering all pertinent details for that particular trip is given before each trip. The trip leader must ensure that clients are in suitable attire (bulky clothes, sarees, neck ties, long skirts and three piece suits should not be permitted). People suffering from any serious ailments, weak heart conditions, epilepsy and expecting mothers should not be allowed. Non-swimmers should be allowed to body surf only with rope back up.

Shoes/appropriate sandals/ booties are a must for rafting. Appropriate clothing must be worn during winter/ on glacial melt rivers with cold air temperatures. For such rivers, dry suits/ wet suits are recommended. If not, light woolens/synthetic clothes are a must. Trips must be timed carefully to finish at least an hour before sunset.

13. Alcohol and Drugs: Consuming alcohol in any form or quantity or illicit drugs at least six hours prior to the river trip must not be allowed.

14. Familiarization Runs: One or two familiarization runs before operating commercially each season or on new rivers is recommended. Rivers should not be run commercially at flood levels.

15. Foreign Guides: Foreign Guides must be aware of the Indian Safety Regulations before being allowed to operate. They must fulfill the required criteria and should do a few familiarisation runs on the river and equipment before being allowed to operate commercially. A valid first aid certificate is a must.

16. Senior Guide: A senior guide must have spent at least three consecutive seasons on any of the above three rivers with a minimum of sixty days on the river per season. He must have all requisite first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) qualifications and must have a clean safety record. A senior guide must have river- running experience on at least three different rivers.

17. Safety Kayaker: A safety and rescue kayaker must be thoroughly trained and experienced in all safety norms, river rescue and first aid/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification. A minimum of thirty days on the river is mandatory before kayaking with commercial trips.

Basic Minimum Standards for Adventure Tourism Activities in India

India is a land of varied topography including mountains, hills, rivers, lakes and wildlife. You can indulge yourself in a variety of adventure activities in India. For ensuring safety of people involving in such activities, the minimum acceptable standards have been set up in terms of equipment and human resources. Broadly the adventure activities in India have been divided into three categories namely Land Based, Water Based and Air Based.

(1) Land Based - (i) Mountaineering and (ii) Trekking
(2) Water Based - (i) River running
(3) Air Based - (i) Parasailing, (ii) Paragliding and (iii) Bungee Jumping

Basic Minimum Standards for Land Based Activities Mountaineering :

1. Application : These Basic Minimum Standards (BMS) will apply specifically to commercial operators attempting 6,000 mtr or other comparable peaks.

2. Information to Clients: A variety of organisations offer to take clients on 6,000 mtr or other comparable peaks. These BMS will supply clients with pointers to assist them to make an informed choice.

3. Danger awareness: Mountaineers climbing at very high altitude, especially above 6,000m are at considerable stress to their mental and physical powers and may not be capable of assisting others as has always been traditional in mountaineering.

4. General Guidelines for Mountaineering:

(a) All such operators will have to be registered with Adventure Tour Operators Association of India and Ministry of Tourism.

(b) The leader or chief guide and as many as possible of the guides should have high altitude experience appropriate to the altitude of the peak to be climbed. He must have been a member of three climbing expeditions above 6000 m and must have completed the Basic Mountaineering Course with an ‘A’ grade or an equivalent from abroad. He/She must be qualified on first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification.

(c) The guiding and porter staff on the mountain and the material supplied must be adequate for the aims of the party and stated level of service offered.

(d) An experienced doctor in the party is desirable but at the very least advance arrangements must be known for medical help. Advance arrangements must also be made for evacuation assistance in case of emergency.

(e) The minimum safety equipment available is recommended walkie-talkie radios and recommended medical supplies.

(f) Advertising must give a true picture of all the difficulties and dangers involved, and avoid promising the impossible. If an expedition is commercially launched by an operator, then the Biographical information about the guiding team should be included.

(g) The client must truthfully reveal his experience, supported by documentation/photograph, medical history etc to the organiser so that the organiser can make an informed choice about the potential client.

(h) Information supplied in advance will include a clear statement of the guiding, porterage and equipment which will be supplied by the organiser, together with details of the clothing and equipment to be supplied by the client. This is not in context of the operators assisting expeditions with logistics alone.

(i) All equipment on which life is dependent must be Union International de Alpine Association (UIAA) or European Union (EU) certified.

(j) Knowledge of low impact environmental expeditioning must be undertaken, pledging to environmental guidelines of Union International de Alpine Association (UIAA)/Himalayan Environment Trust (HET) etc.

General Guidelines for Trekking :

(a). The leader or chief guide and as many as possible of the guides should have experience appropriate to the difficulty of the route being attempted The trip leader must have completed at least two trekking trips in general and must have completed the Basic Mountaineering Course or equivalent with an ‘A’ grade. He/She must be qualified on first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification.

(b). The guiding and porter staff for the trek and the material supplied must be adequate for the aims of the party and stated level of services offered.

(c). Adequate arrangements must be made known in advance for medical help available in the area. Advance information must also be made for evacuation assistance in case of emergency. Minimum first aid medical supplies must be carried on the trip. In case of a helicopter requirement for rescue operation, it is recommended that the Accreditation Committee be empowered to authorize the rescue.

(d). Information provided to clients must give a true picture of all the difficulties and dangers involved, and avoid promising the impossible. Biographical information about the guiding team should be included.

(e). The client must truthfully reveal his experience, medical history etc to the organiser so that the organiser can make an informed choice about the potential client.

(f). Information supplied in advance will include a clear statement of the guiding, porterage and equipment which will be supplied by the organiser, together with details of the clothing and equipment to be supplied by the client.

Note – Information has been taken from Incredible India Site (http://www.incredibleindia.org/). I have given information only for Basic Minimum Standards for Land Based Activities – in the next posts I will provide information about Water Based and Air Based Adventure Tourism Activities.

Weekend getaways from Hyderabad

Hyderabad the capital of South India state of Andhra Pradesh is popularly known as ‘City of Nizams’. A historical city, Hyderabad is known all over the country for its centuries old culture and traditions, which is visible in dressing and foods of city people. Hyderabad is home to a number of tourist attractions including the Chraminar, Hussain Sagar Lake, NTR Gardens, Salarganj Museum, Mecca Masjid and much more. From Hyderabad you take short excursion to a number of interesting places. Some of the famous getaways from Hyderabad are :

Golconda Fort (11 kms) : A massive fort, Golconda Fort is 11 kms west of old Hyderabad, noted for its heritage wealth. Set 122 m above the plain, Golconda Fort was the capital of the erstwhile Qutub Shahi Kings from 1518 to 1590 AD. One of the most impressive forts in India, Golconda Fort is in ruins now as many structures inside the citadel have destroyed due to battles or other reasons. Despite the severe damages, the ruins of the fort provides a fair idea of the original structure. Sound and Light held daily in the fort is the major attraction and provides good information about the fort history. Buses are offered at regular interval by the Hyderabad Tourist Office to the fort.

Ramoji Film City (35 kms, 1 hour) : India’s biggest film city, Ramoji Film City is just 35 kms away from Hyderabad. Set amidst the hills, Ramoji film city has a number of scenic locations and film sets. You will really get fascinated after entering the film city, as it looks like a fairy world. If you are lucky enough, you may also see the shooting of Tamil or Hindi films. Ramoji Film City offer shuttle services for visitors, which took you to every nook and corner of the film city. So, visit the film city to lose yourself in a dream world of cinema and glitz.

Nagarjunakonda (150 kms,5 Hours) : A holy place for Buddhists, Nagarjunakonda is 150 kms south-east of Hyderabad. Nagarjunakonda is an ancient place having religious importance. It is said that around the 2nd century BC, the Buddhist sage Nagarjuna lived here and spread the philosophy of Shunyata (the void). In 1920s the excavations unearthed the ruins of Buddist stupas and chaityas. At the original site of Nagarjunakonda you can see monasteries, stupas and an Aswamedha sacrificial altar.

Other major attractions are a 14th century fort, medieval temples and a museum looking like a Buddhist vihara. The museum has a fine collection of Buddhist relics, friezes, jewellery, coins and statues, including a partially ruined statue of the Buddha. A tooth and an ear-ring that belonged to the Sakyamunni are major highlights of the museum. From the viewpoint near the dam, you can enjoy a breathtaking view of the valley and feel the soothing spray from the Ethipothala waterfalls. Also visit Anupu, which is home to ancient Hindu temples, Buddhist stupas and Viharas. During your Nagarjunakonda tour, make an excursion to Srisailam wildlife sanctuary, a Project Tiger reserve the sanctuary provides shelter to diverse reptiles, birds and animals.

Warangal (157kms, 4 hours) : If you are interested in historical sites, then Warangal is a must visit place for you from Hyderabad. Once the capital of Kakatiyas in the 12th to 14th centuries,Warangal is home to a number of stone temples and forts. The Warangal Fort now mostly in ruin was erected by Ganapati Deva and his daughter Rudramma. There are four massive stone gateways to enter the fort and move inside the fort to see a number of ruined structures including the crumbling Swayambhu temple, a shrine dedicated to Shiva. Next visit the Thousand Pillared Temple an excellent example of ornate Kakatiya architecture, while the Bhadrakali Temple is a shrine dedicated to Goddess Kali. From Warangal you can also visit the Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary (50 kms) which is a reserve for tigers, panthers, sambhars and other wildlife. Palampet, 60 km from Warangal, is home to the magnificent Ramappa Temple and the Ramappa Cheruvu lake.

Srisailam (232 kms, 6 hours) : A famous getaway from Hyderabad, Srisailam offers a unique combination of a pilgrimage centre and wildlife sanctuary. Situated on the banks of the river Krishna amidst the Nallamalai Hills, Srisailam is an interesting place having immense historical and religious importance. Srisailam in home to a Shiva temple that is considered to be one of the 12 sacred Jyotirlingas. The Shiva temple is open for people of all religion and everyone is allowed to pray here and touch the Lord's feet. Srisailam wildlife sanctuary, India's largest tiger reserve, spreads over an area of 3568 sq km. Here you can see blackbuck, chinkara, spotted deer, nilgai, pangolins, panthers,tigers, leopards, soft-shelled turtles, porcupines, crocodiles, and a variety of animal and avian species.

Weekend Getaways from Chennai

Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu is one of the most popular tourist destinations of South India. Earlier known as ‘Madras’, Chennai is home to a number of old and new attractions, including some magnificent old structures. Of course, Chennai offers almost everything to please the tourists, but you may get exhausted due to hustle and bustle across the ctiy. Hence, while you are vacationing in Chennai, make sure to take excursions to nearby tourists places. Set at a close distance from Chennai, these weekend getaways provide a welcome break to you.

Covelong : Just 40 km from Chennai, Covelong offers a welcome break from maddening crowds of Chennai. Covelong is famous for its adventure sports activities like windsurfing, swimming, fishing and other water sports. A fishing village, Covelong has beautiful palm fringed beach which attracts people from far and wide. The tranquil environs and the infrastructure of the Covelong beach, make it one of the most popular beach resorts on the Coromandel Coast. Besides beaches, Covelong is dotted with the historical monuments likes forts, churches, mosques etc. Dutch fort and Catholic Church are other important attractions of Covelong.

Mammalapuram : A small coastal town, Mammalapuram lies 58 kms away from Chennai. From Chennai you can go to Mammalapuram by rail via Chengalpattu. A good motorable road links Chennai with Mammalapuram. You can reach Mammalapuram by driving on your own or catching buses. An ancient place, Mammalapuram was the second capital of the Pallava dynasty during the 7th century. One of the most beautiful towns in South India, Mammalapuram is known for its ancient temples and boulder studded beaches.

Mammalapuram is popular for its rath temples (chariot temples), each carved out for a single monolith representing one of the Pandava heroes of Mahabharata, having the characteristic Dravidian-style gopurams (towers), a pillared hall and sculpted friezes on the walls. Meenakshi Temple, Shore Temple and Arjuna’s Penance are other highlights of the town. An annual festival, Mammalapuram Dance Festival is held here between mid-Jan and mid-Feb. During the festival the Indian Classical Dance forms of Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Odissi and Kathakali dance forms are presented. Puppet shows and tribal dances, folk and classical music concerts are the highlight of Pongal celebrated in the same month.

Kanchipuram : One of the seven holy cities of the Hindus, Kanchipuram is situated at a distance of 75 kms from Chennai. Kanchipuram was the capital of the great Cholas, Pallavas and the Vijaynagar dynasties, who altogether built thousands temples in the town. Once the ‘City of Thousand Temples,’ Kanchipuram now houses 126 intricately carved temples. Ekambareswar Temple, Vaikuntha Perumal Temple, Varadaraja Temple, Kailasnatha Temple and Kamakshi Amman Temple are some of the prominent temples of Kanchipuram.

Besides temples, Kanchipuram is known for famous Kanjeevaram silk. While visit Kanchipuram, check out silk sarees and other silk made clothes spectacularly shot through with gold zari threads. You may visit a silk weaving center such as the Handloom Weavers' Service Centre on Railway Station Road or walk down the dusty lanes to see around 5000 families involved in this ancient craft.

Tirupati : Tirupati is located at a distance of 152 km from Chennai, in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. One of the most popular Hindu shrines of the country, Tirupati is the abode of the legendary Lord of the Seven Hills. It is said that an uninterrupted worship of the Lord had been carried out hare over thirteen centuries. Tirupati is dotted with a number of temples which draw thousands of people throughout the year. Some of the main attractions of the town are the Pratima Mandapam and Tirumalanayaka Mandapam.

Pondicherry : Situated 162 km south of Chennai, Pondicherry is well-connected by rail and bus. Pondicherry is a lovely place, here the last vestiges of French influence in India flourishes with traditional South Indian culture. On one side of the canal you will find European influence, while on the other side a typical South Indian town lies.

Pondicherry houses a number of churches such as the the 300 year old Church of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception; the church to Our Lady of Angels and the gothic Sacred Heart Church. The town has numerous temples dedicated to Ganesh and the Vinaynagar Manakula temple. Pondicherry is well-known for the Aurobindo Ashram set up by the Mother, a disciple of Shree Aurobindo and Auroville. Botanical Gardens, Jawahar Toy Museum and Pondicherry Museum are other must visit places at Pondicherry.

Kodaikanal : Kodaikanal is 520 km from Chennai and the drive takes around 12 hours. One of the most picturesque hill stations of South India, Kodaikanal is set an elevation of 2,133 m above sea level. Kodaikanal is situated in the Palani Hills of the Western Ghats and is bestowed with pleasant weather round the year. Lush green hill slopes, shimmering waterfalls, dense forests, fruit orchards and a lovely lake made Kodaikanal a picture perfect spot.

Kody Lake lies at the heart of hill station and you may splash across the lake on pedal boats and rowboats. Angling is allowed in the lake with prior permits from the concerned authority. You may also go on long walks along the lakeside, into the surrounding forests or beautiful hills. Priest’s Walk or Coaker’s Walk are some of the famous walking trails at Kodiakanal. Bryant Gardens and Chettiar Park are interesting parks at Kodiakanal which remain flooded with seasonal flowers. Chettiar Park's is well-known for the rare Kurinji plant which flowers once in 12 years.

Visit the Flora and Fauna Museum which has a nice collection of orchids. Fairy Falls and Glen Falls are ideal place for picnic. For adventure seekers Kodaikanal offers a number of exciting trekking options. For the energetic people, Perumal Peak is an exciting trek route. Dolphin's Nose-Vallagavi-Kumbakkarai, Kukkal-Kudiraiyar Dam, Vilpatti - Ganesapuram - Puliamarathope - Palani are other thrilling trek routes at Kodaikanal.